This book brings together the most important research developments of the past 45 years that have enriched our knowledge and contributed to a better understanding of the biochemistry and cell and molecular biology of basement membranes. It describes the studies that shed light on the ultrastructural organization, the biosynthesis of the macromolecular components, their functions in embryonic development and differentiation, and in the mature state. A major portion of the book is devoted to the description of the genes that regulate the expression of the various structural macromolecules. * Reviews the early years of research and the discovery of type IV collagen * Presents the diversity of basement membrane morphology * Discusses gene structure

Dedication

v

Acknowledgments

xi

Preface

xiii

Previous Volumes in Series

xv

PART I Biology of Basement Membranes

CHAPTER 1 The Early Years of Basement Membrane Research

I. Introduction

3

(1)

II. Tissue Localization

4

(1)

III. Morphology

5

(1)

IV. Immunochemical Properties

6

(1)

V. Chemical Composition

7

(1)

VI. Macromolecular Components

8

(5)

VII. The Story Continues

13

(1)

References

14

(5)

CHAPTER 2 Morphology and Ultrastructure of Basement Membranes

I. Introduction

19

(1)

II. Capillaries

20

(2)

III. Kidney

22

(5)

IV. Skin

27

(3)

V. The Pulmonary Alveolar Wall

30

(1)

VI. The Eye

31

(5)

VII. The Choroid Plexus of the Brain

36

(5)

References

41

(2)

CHAPTER 3 Basement Membranes in Development

I. Introduction

43

(2)

II. The Role of Laminin-1

45

(7)

III. The Role of Entactin/Nidogen

52

(1)

IV. The Role of Collagen Type IV

53

(10)

V. The Role of Proteoglycans

63

(7)

References

70

(9)

CHAPTER 4 Functions of Basement Membranes

I. Introduction

79

(2)

II. Functions of the Renal Glomerulus

81

(8)

III. Functions of the Renal Tubules

89

(1)

IV. Functions of the Alveolar–Capillary Membrane

90

(6)

V. Functions of the Choroid Plexus

96

(3)

VI. Functions of the Intestinal Mucosa

99

(2)

VII. Functions of the Cutaneous Basement Membrane Zone

101

(2)

VIII. Functions of the Ocular Basement Membranes

103

(3)

References

106

(9)

PART II Chemistry and Metabolism of Basement Membrane

CHAPTER 5 Structural Macromolecules: Type IV Collagen

I. Introduction

115

(1)

II. Type IV Collagen: Structure and Genes

116

(24)

References

140

(7)

CHAPTER 6 Structural Macromolecules: Laminins, Entactin/ Nidogen, and Proteoglycans (Perlecan, Agrin)

I. Structure of Laminins

147

(22)

II. Nidogen/Entactin: Structure and Genes

169

(5)

III. Proteoglycans: Structure and Genes

174

(7)

References

181

(18)

CHAPTER 7 Minor Proteins of Basement Membranes, Minor Collagens of the Basement Membrane Zone

I. Minor Proteins of Basement Membranes

199

(4)

II. Minor Collagens of the Basement Membrane Zone

203

(10)

References

213

(13)

CHAPTER 8 Biosyntheses of Basement Membrane Macromolecules

I. Transcription and Translation

226

(8)

II. Posttranslational Modifications

234

(3)

III. Binding of Glucosyl or Glycosaminoglycan Chains to Protein Cores

237

(2)

IV. Association of Polypeptide Chains

239

(2)

V. Gene Expression and Control

241

(8)

References

249

(17)

CHAPTER 9 Internal Organization of Basement Membranes

I. The Laminin Polymer

266

(2)

II. The Binding of Entactin/Nidogen to Laminin

268

(3)

III. The Type IV Collagen Polymer

271

(4)

IV. The Binding of Entactin/Nidogen to Type IV Collagen

275

(1)

V. Other Interactions

276

(1)

VI. General Architecture of the Basement Membrane Complex

277

(2)

References

279

(8)

CHAPTER 10 Contacts of Basement Membrane Molecules with Cell Membranes

I. Interactions of Laminin Isoforms with Cells

287

(16)

II. Entactin/Nidogen Binding to Cells

303

(1)

III. Binding of Collagen Type IV to Cells

304

(1)

IV. Binding of Basement Membrane Proteoglycans to Cells

305

(2)

References

307

(16)

PART III Alterations of Basement Membranes in Pathologic and Physiologic States

CHAPTER 11 Immune-Mediated Diseases Involving Basement Membranes

I. Introduction

323

(2)

II. Goodpasture Syndrome

325

(8)

III. Membranous Nephropathy

333

(7)

IV. Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

340

(4)

References

344

(9)

CHAPTER 12 Genetically Mediated and Acquired Basement Membrane Disorders

I. Introduction

353

(1)

II. Alport Syndrome

353

(5)

III. Epidermolysis Bullosa

358

(6)

IV. Diabetes Mellitus

364

(8)

References

372

(10)

CHAPTER 13 Novel Biological Properties of Peptides Arising from Basement Membrane Proteins

I. Matrikines and Matricryptines

382

(3)

II. Matrikines Formed from Type IV Collagen

385

(9)

III. Effects of Matrikines Derived from Collagens XV and XVIII

394

(4)

IV. Effects of the Matrikines Formed from Laminin and from Other Proteins, and Proteoglycans of the Basement Membrane

398

(2)

V. Conclusion

400

(1)

References

401

(12)

Index

413

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Basement Membranes: Cell and Molecular Biology

9780121533564

0121533565

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