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9780080443355

Time Frequency Analysis

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780080443355

  • ISBN10:

    0080443354

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2003-10-16
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science
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Summary

Time Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing covers fundamental concepts, principles and techniques, treatment of specialised and advanced topics, methods and applications, including results of recent research. This book deals with the modern methodologies, key techniques and concepts that form the core of new technologies used in IT, multimedia, telecommunications as well as most fields of engineering, science and technology. It focuses on advanced techniques and methods that allow a refined extraction and processing of information, allowing efficient and effective decision making that would not be possible with classical techniques. The Author, fellow of IEEE for Pioneering contributions to time-frequency analysis and signal processing education, is an expert in the field, having written over 300 papers on the subject over a period pf 25 years. This is a REAL book, not a mere collection of specialised papers, making it essential reading for researchers and practitioners in the field of signal processing.

Table of Contents

Preface vii
List of Contributors
xxiii
Part I: Introduction to the Concepts of TFSAP
1(82)
Time-Frequency Concepts
3(26)
B. Boashash
Overview
3(1)
The Need for a Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD)
4(8)
Representation of Three Real-Life Signals
4(1)
Time-Domain Representation
5(2)
Frequency-Domain Representation
7(2)
Joint Time-Frequency Representation
9(2)
Desirable Characteristics of a TFD
11(1)
Signal Formulations and Characteristics in the (t, f) Domain
12(7)
Signal Models used in (t, f) Methods
12(1)
Analytic Signals
13(1)
Hilbert Transform; Analytic Associate
14(1)
Duration, Bandwidth, BT Product
15(3)
Asymptotic Signals
18(1)
Monocomponent vs. Multicomponent Signals
19(1)
Instantaneous Frequency and Time-Delay
19(7)
Instantaneous Frequency (IF)
19(2)
IF and Time Delay (TD)
21(2)
Mean IF and Group Delay (GD)
23(3)
Relaxation Time, Dynamic Bandwidth
26(1)
Summary and Discussion
26(3)
Heuristic Formulation of Time-Frequency Distributions
29(30)
B. Boashash
Overview
29(1)
Method 1: The Wigner-Ville Distribution
30(6)
Knife-Edge IF Indication
30(1)
Formulation of the Signal Kernel
30(1)
The Wigner Distribution
31(2)
The Wigner-Ville Distribution
33(3)
Method 2: Time-Varying Power Spectral Density
36(2)
Spectra of Non-Stationary Random Processes
36(1)
Estimating the Wigner-Ville Spectrum
37(1)
Method 3: Windowed FT (STFT, Spectrogram, Gabor Transform)
38(4)
STFT and Spectrogram
38(1)
Optimal Window Length of the Spectrogram
39(2)
STFT vs. Gabor Transform
41(1)
Method 4: Filtered Function of Time
42(1)
Filter Banks and the Sonograph
42(1)
Equivalence to Spectrogram
43(1)
Method 5: Instantaneous Power Spectra
43(2)
Page Distribution
43(2)
Method 6: Energy Density
45(2)
Rihaczek's Complex Energy Density
45(1)
Levin's Real Energy Density
46(1)
Windowed Rihaczek and Levin Distributions
46(1)
Relationship between TFDs
47(5)
Spectrogram
47(1)
Wigner-Ville Distribution
48(1)
Rihaczek Distribution
48(1)
Levin Distribution
49(1)
Windowed Rihaczek Distribution
49(1)
Windowed Levin Distribution
50(1)
Page Distribution
50(1)
Relationship between the WVD and Other TFDs
51(1)
Other Popular TFDs
51(1)
Summary and Discussion
52(7)
Theory of Quadratic TFDs
59(24)
B. Boashash
Overview
59(1)
The WVD
60(6)
Properties of the WVD
60(2)
Limitations of the WVD
62(4)
Formulations of Quadratic TFDs
66(6)
Time-Lag Formulations and Other Domain Definitions
66(1)
Time-Frequency Formulation
67(2)
Doppler-Lag Formulation and TFD Design
69(1)
Doppler-Frequency Formulation
70(1)
Examples of Simple TFD Formulations
71(1)
Properties of Quadratic TFDs
72(4)
Desirable Properties
72(2)
TFD Properties & Equivalent Kernel Constraints
74(1)
Examples of TFDs with Specific Properties
74(2)
Summary, Discussion and Conclusions
76(7)
Part II: Fundamental Principles of TFSAP
83(146)
Time-Frequency Signal and System Analysis
85(74)
Overview
85(1)
Analytic Signal & Instantaneous Frequency
86(8)
B. Picinbono
The Problem
86(1)
Analytic Signal and Canonical Pair
86(3)
Phase Signals, Regular Case
89(3)
Singular and Asymptotic Phase Signals
92(1)
Summary and Conclusions
93(1)
Cross-terms & Localization in Quadratic Time-frequency Distributions
94(8)
P. Flandrin
Identifying Cross-Terms
94(2)
Reducing Cross-Terms
96(2)
Cross-Terms and Localization
98(2)
Summary and Conclusions
100(2)
The Covariance Theory of Time-Frequency Analysis
102(12)
F. Hlawatsch
G. Taubock
The Covariance Principle
102(1)
Time-Frequency Displacement Operators
103(1)
Covariant Signal Representations: Group Domain
104(2)
The Displacement Function
106(3)
Covariant Signal Representations: Time-Frequency Domain
109(1)
Example: Hyperbolic Wavelet Transform & Hyperbolic Class
110(2)
Summary and Conclusions
112(2)
Uncertainty in Time-Frequency Analysis
114(8)
Paulo M. Oliveira
Victor Barroso
The Time-Frequency Plane
115(1)
Information and Spectral Estimation
116(5)
Summary and Conclusions
121(1)
Generalized TFRs via Unitary Transforms
122(6)
R. G. Baraniuk
Three Approaches to Joint Distributions
123(1)
Linking Signal and Axis Transformations
124(1)
Examples of Linked Signal/Axis Transformations
125(2)
Summary and Conclusions
127(1)
Signal Measures in the Time-Frequency Plane
128(7)
G. Jones
Time-Frequency Analysis
128(1)
Density Distributions and Energy Distributions
128(1)
Signal Measures in Time-Frequency
129(2)
Properties & Interpretation of Local Measurements in TF
131(1)
Application of Local TF Measures to Energy Distributions
132(1)
Example Result for an Adaptive Energy Distribution
133(1)
Summary and Conclusions
134(1)
Time-Frequency Transfer Function Calculus of Linear Time-Varying Systems
135(10)
G. Matz
F. Hlawatsch
Linear Time-Varying Systems
135(1)
The Generalized Weyl Symbol
135(2)
The Generalized Spreading Function
137(1)
Underspread LTV Systems
138(2)
Time-Frequency Transfer Function Calculus
140(3)
Summary and Conclusions
143(2)
Wigner Distribution and Fractional Fourier Transform
145(8)
T. Alieva
M. J. Bastiaans
Time-Frequency Representations
145(1)
Wigner Distribution and Ambiguity Function
145(1)
Fractional Fourier Transform
146(1)
Fractional Power Spectrum and Radon-Wigner Transform
147(1)
Fractional Fourier Transform Moments
148(3)
Applications
151(1)
Summary and Conclusions
152(1)
Gabor Spectrogram
153(6)
S. Qian
Power Spectrum
153(1)
Gabor Spectrogram
153(3)
Numerical Simulations
156(2)
Summary and Conclusions
158(1)
Design of Time-Frequency Distributions
159(70)
Overview
159(1)
Ambiguity Functions
160(8)
P. Flandrin
The Radar/Sonar Problem
160(1)
Definitions of Ambiguity Functions
160(2)
Properties of Narrowband Ambiguity Functions
162(4)
Remarks on Wideband Ambiguity Functions
166(1)
Summary and Conclusions
166(2)
Reduced Interference Time-Frequency Distributions
168(10)
William J. Williams
Nonstationarity, Resolution and Interference
168(1)
The Reduced Interference Distribution
169(1)
Kernel Selection for RID
170(5)
Comparisons of TFD Results
175(1)
Summary and Conclusions
175(3)
Adaptive Time-Frequency Analysis
178(7)
R. G. Baraniuk
D. L. Jones
Adaptive Short-Time Fourier Transforms
178(2)
Adaptive Quadratic Representations
180(3)
Summary and Conclusions
183(2)
Polynomial Wigner-Ville Distributions
185(8)
B. Boashash
G. R. Putland
Polynomial FM Signals
185(1)
Principles of Formulation of Polynomial WVDs
185(2)
IF Estimates with Zero Deterministic Bias
187(1)
Calculation of Coefficients
188(1)
Examples
189(2)
Multicomponent Signals and Polynomial TFDs
191(1)
Summary and Conclusions
191(2)
Design of Polynomial TFDs, with Applications
193(10)
M. Benidir
Decompositions of Polynomial Derivatives
193(1)
Design of Time-Frequency Distributions
194(4)
Estimation of the Phase of a PPS
198(3)
Summary and Conclusions
201(1)
Appendix
201(2)
Time-Frequency Representations Covariant to Group Delay Shifts
203(10)
A. Papandreou-Suppappola
Group Delay Shift Covariance Property
203(3)
Classes of GDS Covariant QTFRs
206(4)
Simulation Example
210(1)
Summary and Conclusions
211(2)
Design of High-Resolution Quadratic TFDs with Separable Kernels
213(10)
B. Boashash
G. R. Putland
RIDs and Quadratic TFDs
213(1)
Separable Kernel Formulations
213(3)
Properties
216(1)
Design Examples of Separable-Kernel TFDs
217(1)
Results and Discussion
218(4)
Summary and Conclusions
222(1)
Fractional Fourier Transform and Generalized-Marginal TFDs
223(6)
X.-G. Xia
Fractional Fourier Transform
223(1)
Generalized-Marginal Time-Frequency Distribution
224(4)
Summary and Conclusions
228(1)
Part III: Time-Frequency Methods
229(140)
Implementation and Realization of TFDs
231(48)
Overview
231(1)
Discrete Time-Frequency Distributions
232(10)
B. Boashash
G. R. Putland
The Discrete Wigner-Ville Distribution (DWVD)
232(2)
The Windowed DWVD
234(1)
The Discrete Quadratic TFD
235(4)
Desirable Properties; Kernel Constraints
239(2)
Examples
241(1)
Summary and Conclusions
241(1)
Quadratic and Higher Order Time-Frequency Analysis Based on the STFT
242(10)
LJ. Stankovic
STFT Based Realization of the Quadratic Representations
242(3)
Discrete Realization of the Basic S-Method Form
245(3)
STFT Based Realization of Higher Order Representations
248(2)
Summary and Conclusions
250(2)
Gabor's Signal Expansion for a Non-Orthogonal Sampling Geometry
252(8)
M. J. Bastiaans
A. J. van Leest
Historical Perspective
252(1)
Gabor's Signal Expansion on a Rectangular Lattice
252(1)
Fourier Transform and Zak Transform
253(1)
Rational Oversampling
254(2)
Non-Orthogonal Sampling
256(1)
Gabor's Signal Expansion on a Non-Orthogonal Lattice
257(2)
Summary and Conclusions
259(1)
Spectrogram Decompositions of Time-Frequency Distributions
260(8)
W. J. Williams
S. Aviyente
Decomposition Based Approaches
260(1)
Decomposition of Time-Frequency Kernels
261(1)
Development of the Method
261(1)
Wigner Example
262(1)
Optimum Orthogonal Windows
263(3)
Kernel Decomposition Results
266(1)
Summary and Conclusions
266(2)
Computation of Discrete Quadratic TFDs
268(11)
B. Boashash
G. R. Putland
General Computational Procedure
268(1)
Computation of the Analytic Signal
268(1)
Real-Time Computation of TFDs
269(1)
Computational Approximations for Discrete-Time Kernels
270(2)
Special Case: Direct Form of the Discrete Spectrogram
272(2)
Sample Code Fragments
274(4)
The TFSA package
278(1)
Summary and Conclusions
278(1)
Measures, Performance Assessment and Enhancement
279(44)
Overview
279(1)
Time-Frequency Analysis Based on the Affine Group
280(10)
J. Bertrand
P. Bertrand
Scale Transformations in TF Analysis of Real Signals
280(2)
Tomographic Derivation of the Affine Wigner Function
282(2)
Discussion in terms of Corrections for Wigner Function
284(2)
Hyperbolic Chirps and Affine Group Extension
286(1)
Unitarity Property and Some of its Consequences
287(1)
Summary and Conclusions
288(2)
Time-Frequency Reassignment
290(7)
F. Auger
P. Flandrin
E. Chassande-Mottin
Basic Principle
290(4)
Variations and Related Approaches
294(1)
Summary and Conclusions
295(2)
Measuring Time-Frequency Distributions Concentration
297(8)
LJ. Stankovic
Concentration Measurement
297(4)
Numerical Examples
301(1)
Parameter Optimization
302(2)
Summary and Conclusions
304(1)
Resolution Performance Assessment for Quadratic TFDs
305(10)
B. Boashash
V. Sucic
Selecting and Comparing TFDs
305(1)
Performance Criteria for TFDs
306(2)
Resolution Performance Measure for TFDs
308(1)
Application to TFD Selection for a Multicomponent Signal
309(1)
Use of the Performance Measure in Real-Life Situations
310(3)
Summary and Conclusions
313(2)
Joint-Domain Representations via Discrete-Domain Frames
315(8)
J. M. Morris
S. M. Joshi
Frames and Reconstruction Collections
315(1)
Product-Function Frames
316(3)
Cascaded Frames
319(2)
Summary and Conclusions
321(2)
Multi-Sensor and Time-Space Processing
323(46)
Overview
323(1)
Blind Source Separation Using Time-Frequency Distributions
324(10)
K. Abed-Meraim
A. Belouchrani
A. R. Leyman
Separation of Instantaneous Mixtures
325(3)
Separation of Convolutive Mixtures
328(3)
Illustrative Examples
331(1)
Summary and Conclusions
332(2)
Spatial Time-Frequency Distributions and Their Applications
334(10)
M. G. Amin
Y. Zhang
Spatial Time-Frequency Distributions
334(1)
Fundamental Properties
335(2)
Examples
337(4)
Crossterm Issues in STFD
341(1)
Summary and Conclusions
342(2)
Quadratic Detection in Arrays using TFDs
344(5)
A. M. Rao
D. L. Jones
The Detection Problem
344(1)
Quadratic Detection in a Linear Array
345(1)
TFD Based Array Detection
346(1)
Summary and Conclusions
347(2)
Implementation of STFDs-Based Source Separation Algorithms
349(8)
A. Belouchrani
The Spatial TFD (STFD)
349(2)
STFDs-Based Source Separation
351(1)
Implementation of the Whitening
352(1)
Selection of Auto-Terms and Cross-Terms
353(1)
Implementation of JD and JOD
354(1)
Summary and Conclusions
355(2)
Underdetermined Blind Source Separation for FM-like Signals
357(12)
K. Abed-Meraim
L-T. Nguyen
A. Belouchrani
Data Model and Assumptions
357(1)
Separation using Vector Clustering
358(3)
Separation using Monocomponent Extraction
361(5)
Summary and Conclusions
366(3)
Part IV: Statistical Techniques
369(170)
Random Processes and Noise Analysis
371(50)
Overview
371(1)
Analysis of Noise in Time-Frequency Distributions
372(10)
LJ. Stankovic
Wigner Distribution
372(2)
Noise in Quadratic Time-Frequency Distributions
374(2)
Noisy Signals
376(4)
Numerical Example
380(1)
Summary and Conclusions
380(2)
Statistical Processing of Dispersive Systems and Signals
382(10)
A. Papandreou-Suppappola
B.-G. Iem
G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels
Processing Tools For Time-Varying Systems and Signals
382(2)
Dispersive Time-Frequency Symbols
384(2)
Special Cases of Dispersive Time-Frequency Symbols
386(2)
Analysis Application Examples
388(2)
Summary and Conclusions
390(2)
Robust Time-Frequency Distributions
392(8)
V. Katkovnik
I. Djurovic
LJ. Stankovic
Robust Spectrogram
392(2)
Realization of the Robust STFT
394(2)
Robust Wigner Distribution
396(2)
Example
398(1)
Summary and Conclusions
399(1)
Time-Varying Power Spectra of Nonstationary Random Processes
400(10)
G. Matz
F. Hlawatsch
Nonstationary Random Processes
400(1)
The Generalized Wigner-Ville Spectrum
400(1)
The Generalized Evolutionary Spectrum
401(2)
The Generalized Expected Ambiguity Function
403(1)
Underspread Processes
404(1)
Time-Varying Spectral Analysis of Underspread Processes
405(3)
Summary and Conclusions
408(2)
Time-Frequency Characterization of Random Time-Varying Channels
410(11)
G. Matz
F. Hlawatsch
Time-Varying Channels
410(1)
WSSUS Channels
411(3)
Underspread WSSUS Channels
414(4)
Summary and Conclusions
418(3)
Instantaneous Frequency Estimation and Localization
421(44)
Overview
421(1)
Iterative Instantaneous Frequency Estimation for Random Signals
422(7)
A. El-Jaroudi
M. K. Emresoy
IF Estimation: Introduction and Background
422(1)
Iterative Algorithm for IF Estimation
423(1)
Convergence of the Estimation Algorithm
424(3)
Summary and Conclusions
427(2)
Adaptive Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Using TFDs
429(8)
LJ. Stankovic
Optimal Window Width
429(1)
Adaptive Algorithm
430(4)
Numerical Example
434(2)
Summary and Conclusions
436(1)
IF Estimation for Multicomponent Signals
437(10)
Z. M. Hussain
B. Boashash
Time-Frequency Peak IF Estimation
437(2)
Properties of IF Estimates Based on Quadratic TFDs
439(2)
Design of Quadratic TFDs for Multicomponent IF Estimation
441(2)
An Adaptive Algorithm for Multicomponent IF Estimation
443(2)
Summary and Conclusions
445(2)
Analysis of Polynomial FM Signals in Additive Noise
447(10)
P. O'Shea
B. Barkat
The Polynomial Wigner-Ville Distributions
447(5)
Higher Order Ambiguity Functions
452(1)
Comparison of PWVDs & Higher Order Ambiguity Functions
453(1)
Appendix: Asymptotic MSE of a PWVD-Based IF Estimate
453(2)
Summary and Conclusions
455(2)
IF Estimation of FM Signals in Multiplicative Noise
457(8)
B. Barkat
B. Boashash
Random Amplitude Modulation
457(1)
Linear FM Signal
457(3)
Polynomial FM Signals
460(2)
Time-Varying Higher-Order Spectra
462(1)
Summary and Conclusions
463(2)
Time-Frequency Synthesis and Filtering
465(34)
Overview
465(1)
Linear Time-Frequency Filters
466(10)
F. Hlawatsch
G. Matz
Time-Frequency Design of Linear, Time-Varying Filters
466(1)
Explicit Design --- The Generalized Weyl Filter
467(1)
Implicit Design I --- The STFT Filter
468(2)
Implicit Design II --- The Gabor Filter
470(1)
The Discrete-Time Case
471(2)
Simulation Results
473(1)
Summary and Conclusions
474(2)
Time-Varying Filter via Gabor Expansion
476(5)
S. Qian
Filtering a Six-Cylinder Engine Sound
476(1)
Discrete Gabor Expansion
476(3)
Time-Varying Filtering
479(1)
Numerical Simulation
480(1)
Summary and Conclusions
480(1)
Time-Frequency Filtering of Speech Signals in Hands-Free Telephone Systems
481(8)
S. Stankovic
Time-Variant Filtering of Speech Signals
482(4)
Summary and Conclusions
486(3)
Signal Enhancement by Time-Frequency Peak Filtering
489(10)
B. Boashash
M. Mesbah
Signal Enhancement and Filtering
489(1)
Time-Frequency Peak Filtering
489(3)
Accurate TFPF
492(1)
Discrete-Time Algorithm for TFPF
493(3)
Examples and Results
496(1)
Summary and Conclusions
496(3)
Detection, Classification and Estimation
499(40)
Overview
499(1)
Optimal Time-Frequency Detectors
500(10)
A. M. Sayeed
Time-Frequency Detection
500(1)
Time-Frequency Representations
500(2)
Time-Frequency Detection Framework
502(5)
Extensions
507(1)
Summary and Conclusions
508(2)
Time-Frequency Signal Analysis and Classification Using Matching Pursuits
510(9)
A. Papandreou-Suppappola
S. B. Suppappola
Signal Time-Frequency Structures
510(1)
Matching Pursuits for Analysis and Classification
510(5)
Simulation Example
515(2)
Summary and Conclusions
517(2)
System Identification using Time-Frequency Filtering
519(9)
X.-G. Xia
Problem Description
519(1)
Time-Frequency Filtering
520(2)
Denoising for Received Signals through a Noisy Channel
522(2)
System Identification
524(3)
Summary and Conclusions
527(1)
Time-Frequency Methods for Signal Estimation and Detection
528(11)
F. Hlawatsch
G. Matz
Nonstationary Signal Estimation
528(3)
Nonstationary Signal Detection
531(4)
Summary and Conclusions
535(4)
Part V: Engineering Applications
539(146)
Time-Frequency Methods in Communications
541(36)
Overview
541(1)
Time-Frequency Interference Mitigation in Spread Spectrum Communication Systems
542(7)
M. G. Amin
A. R. Lindsey
Spread-Spectrum Systems and Interference
542(2)
Typical Signal Model
544(1)
A Time-Frequency Distribution Perspective
544(2)
Example
546(1)
Summary and Conclusions
547(2)
Communication Over Linear Dispersive Channels: A Time-Frequency Perspective
549(9)
A. M. Sayeed
Linear Dispersive Channels
549(1)
Time-Frequency Model for Dispersive Channels
549(2)
Communication over Dispersive Channels
551(6)
Summary and Conclusions
557(1)
Eigenfunctions of Underspread Linear Communication Systems
558(10)
S. Barbarossa
Eigenfunctions of Time-Varying Systems
558(1)
Systems with Spread Function Confined to a Straight Line
559(1)
Analytic Models for Eigenfunctions of Underspread Channels
560(6)
Optimal Waveforms for LTV Digital Communications
566(1)
Summary and Conclusions
567(1)
Fractional Autocorrelation for Detection in Communications
568(9)
O. Akay
G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels
Fractional Fourier Transform
568(1)
Fractional Convolution and Correlation
569(3)
Fractional Autocorrelation and the Ambiguity Function
572(1)
Detection and Chirp Rate Parameter Estimation of Chirps
573(1)
Summary and Conclusions
574(3)
Time-Frequency Methods in Radar, Sonar & Acoustics
577(50)
Overview
577(1)
Special Time-Frequency Analysis of Helicopter Doppler Radar Data
578(12)
S. L. Marple Jr.
Dynamic Range Considerations in TF Analysis
578(1)
Classical Linear and Quadratic TFDs
578(3)
Alternative High-Resolution Linear TFD
581(2)
Application to Simulated and Actual Data
583(6)
Summary and Conclusions
589(1)
Time-Frequency Motion Compensation Algorithms for ISAR Imaging
590(7)
S. Barbarossa
Echo from a Rotating Rigid Body
591(2)
Signal Analysis based on Time-Frequency Representations
593(1)
Parametric Estimation of Instantaneous Phases
593(3)
Summary and Conclusions
596(1)
Flight Parameter Estimation using Doppler and Lloyd's Mirror Effects
597(8)
B. G. Ferguson
K. W. Lo
Acoustical Doppler Effect
597(2)
Acoustical Lloyd's Mirror Effect
599(2)
Time-Frequency Signal Analysis
601(1)
Source Parameter Estimation: An Inverse TF Problem
601(3)
Summary and Conclusions
604(1)
Wigner-Ville Analysis of High Frequency Radar Measurements of a Surrogate Theater Ballistic Missile
605(10)
G. J. Frazer
Experiment Description
605(1)
Signal Description
605(2)
Signal Model
607(1)
Instantaneous Doppler Estimation
608(1)
Results
608(4)
Summary and Conclusions
612(3)
Time-Frequency Methods in Sonar
615(12)
V. Chandran
Principles of Sonar
615(3)
Classical Methods used in Sonar
618(1)
Time-Frequency Approach to Sonar
619(3)
Prony and Higher-Order Spectral Methods in Sonar
622(1)
Dispersion and Angle Frequency Representation
623(1)
Summary and Conclusions
624(3)
Time-Frequency Diagnosis and Monitoring
627(56)
Overview
627(1)
Time-Frequency Analysis of Electric Power Disturbances
628(7)
E. J. Powers
Y. Shin
W. M. Grady
Time-Frequency Analysis: Reduced Interference Distribution
628(1)
Power Quality Assessment via Time-Frequency Analysis
629(2)
Application of IF for Disturbance Propagation
631(3)
Summary and Conclusions
634(1)
Combustion Diagnosis by TF Analysis of Car Engine Signals
635(8)
J. F. Bohme
S. Carstens-Behrens
Knocking Combustions
635(1)
Signal Models
635(2)
Signal Analysis using Wigner-Ville Spectrum
637(2)
Signal Analysis using S-Method
639(2)
Summary and Conclusions
641(2)
Power Class Time-Frequency Representations and their Applications
643(8)
A. Papandreou-Suppappola
F. Hlawatsch
G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels
Power Class Quadratic Time-Frequency Representations
643(4)
Power Class Applications
647(2)
Summary and Conclusions
649(2)
Image Distortion Analysis using the Wigner-Ville Distribution
651(12)
A. Beghdadi
R. Iordache
Image Quality & Joint Spatial/Spatial-Freq. Representations
651(1)
Continuous 2D Wigner-Ville Distribution
652(3)
Discrete 2D Wigner-Ville Distribution
655(4)
An Image Dissimilarity Measure based on the 2D WVD
659(1)
Summary and Conclusions
660(3)
Time-Frequency Detection of EEG Abnormalities
663(8)
B. Boashash
M. Mesbah
P. Colditz
EEG Abnormalities and Time-Frequency Processing
663(1)
EEG Seizures in Newborns
663(1)
Data Acquisition
664(1)
Selection of a Time-Frequency Distribution
664(1)
EEG Pattern Analysis
665(1)
Analysis of Time-Frequency Seizure Patterns
665(1)
Time-Frequency Matched Detector
666(3)
Summary and Conclusions
669(2)
Time-Frequency Based Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis
671(12)
M. Mesbah
B. Boashash
J. Mathew
Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis
671(4)
Time-Frequency Analysis Methods
675(2)
Examples of Condition Monitoring Using TFA
677(4)
Summary and Conclusions
681(2)
Other Applications
683(2)
B. Boashash
Time-Frequency Bibliography 685(34)
Time-Frequency Index 719

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