Synopses & Reviews
From Augustus to Constantine, the Roman Empire in the Near East expanded step by step, southward to the Red Sea and eastward across the Euphrates to the Tigris. In a remarkable work of interpretive history, Fergus Millar shows us this world as it was forged into the Roman provinces of Syria, Judaea, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. His book conveys the magnificent sweep of history as well as the rich diversity of peoples, religions, and languages that intermingle in the Roman Near East. Against this complex backdrop, Millar explores questions of cultural and religious identity and ethnicity--as aspects of daily life in the classical world and as part of the larger issues they raise.
As Millar traces the advance of Roman control, he gives a lucid picture of Rome's policies and governance over its far-flung empire. He introduces us to major regions of the area and their contrasting communities, bringing out the different strands of culture, communal identity, language, and religious belief in each. The Roman Near East makes it possible to see rabbinic Judaism, early Christianity, and eventually the origins of Islam against the matrix of societies in which they were formed. Millar's evidence permits us to assess whether the Near East is best seen as a regional variant of Graeco-Roman culture or as in some true sense oriental.
A masterful treatment of a complex period and world, distilling a vast amount of literary, documentary, artistic, and archaeological evidence--always reflecting new findings--this book is sure to become the standard source for anyone interested in the Roman Empire or the history of the Near East.
Review
"A grand book on a grand topic...To do justice to such a topic, one needs not only a complete understanding of how the Roman Empire functioned, but also mastery of the extensive, complex, scattered, and difficult evidence for the local cultures...Very few ancient historians possess such mastery...This is a book that only Fergus Millar could have written. The breadth of expertise displayed, and the willingness to view the history of a major region of the Roman Empire from the perspective of the provinces rather than the imperial center, are hallmarks of Millar's work, and are impossible to overpraise. There can be no question that The Roman Near East will be for a long time to come the standard work on the subject."
--Seth Schwartz, Times Literary Supplement"This learned, honest, and carefully constructed work studies the various regions of the [eastern] empire and their inhabitants. It asks who they actually were...and how far they had a local culture distinct from the Greco-Roman. The results are surprising...The book is full of original interpretations...[Readers] will be richly rewarded."
--Clive Foss, The Guardian"This work has been long awaited and will fill a very great need. It is an authoritative synoptic view of the entire Roman Near East, with reference to the most important recent discussions and discoveries."
--G. W. Bowersock, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton"[An] extraordinary book...Millar's book provides above all the essential political, religious, and cultural framework for understanding how the three most enduring religious legacies of the ancient world for the modern world...developed in a context that was neither Eastern nor Western."
--Guy MacLean Rogers, American Historical Review"Destined to become a classic."
--Howard P. Krug, Seminary Studies"This pioneering volume follows a steady stream of other important contributions by the noted Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford, but its unique character and subject may make it his most durable and popular work. It transcends a mere political history of the region by exploring in depth the cultural and linguistic diversity of the population that inhabited the Near East...This is indisputably now the standard and essential guide for the Roman era in English for both scholars and students of the Near East."
--David E. Graf, Religious Studies ReviewReview
This pioneering volume follows a steady stream of other important contributions by the noted Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford, but its unique character and subject may make it his most durable and popular work. It transcends a mere political history of the region by exploring in depth the cultural and linguistic diversity of the population that inhabited the Near East...This is indisputably now the standard and essential guide for the Roman era in English for both scholars and students of the Near East. David E. Graf
Review
A grand book on a grand topic...To do justice to such a topic, one needs not only a complete understanding of how the Roman Empire functioned, but also mastery of the extensive, complex, scattered, and difficult evidence for the local cultures...Very few ancient historians possess such mastery...This is a book that only Fergus Millar could have written. The breadth of expertise displayed, and the willingness to view the history of a major region of the Roman Empire from the perspective of the provinces rather than the imperial center, are hallmarks of Millar's work, and are impossible to overpraise. There can be no question that The Roman Near East will be for a long time to come the standard work on the subject. Religious Studies Review
Review
This learned, honest, and carefully constructed work studies the various regions of the [eastern] empire and their inhabitants. It asks who they actually were...and how far they had a local culture distinct from the Greco-Roman. The results are surprising...The book is full of original interpretations... [Readers] will be richly rewarded. Seth Schwartz - Times Literary Supplement
Review
This work has been long awaited and will fill a very great need. It is an authoritative synoptic view of the entire Roman Near East, with reference to the most important recent discussions and discoveries. Clive Foss - Manchester Guardian
Review
Destined to become a classic. G. W. Bowersock, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton
Review
[An] extraordinary book...Millar's book provides above all the essential political, religious, and cultural framework for understanding how the three most enduring religious legacies of the ancient world for the modern world...developed in a context that was neither Eastern nor Western. Howard P. Krug - Seminary Studies
About the Author
Fergus G. B. Millar is Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University.
Table of Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
1. Prologue: In Search of the Orient
I. Empire
2. The Bridgehead and the Dependent Kingdoms, 31 BC-AD 74
2.1. From the Battle of Actium to the Death of Herod the Great
2.2. From the Death of Herod the Great to the End of Tiberius' Reign
2.3. From the Reign of Gaius to the Outbreak of the Jewish War
2.4. The Jewish War and Its Aftermath
3. Imperialism and Expansion, AD 74-195
3.1. Vespasian: A New Near Eastern Empire
3.2. Trajan : Expansion and Rearrangement in the Southern Near East
3.3. The Roman Presence, AD 114-161
3.4. Emperors and Pretenders in the Near East from Lucius Verus to Septimius Severus: The Conquest of Mesopotamia
4. Rome And Mesopotamia: From Parthia To Persia
4.1. The Severan Near East as a Military Structure
4.2. Emperors on Campaign, from Caracalla to Philip the Arab Shapur's Invasions and the Empire of Palmyra, AD 252-273
5. The Tetrarchy and Constantine
5.1. The Tetrarchy: Persian Wars and Fortified Lines
5.2. The Near East in the Tetrarchic Empire, AD 284-312
5.3. Licinius and Constantine, AD 313-337: Retrospect from a Christianised Empire
II. Regions and Communities
6. Communal and Cultural Identities
7. The Tetrapolis and Northern Syria
7.1. The Geographical Context
7.2. Local Cult-Centres: Hierapolis and Doliche
7.3. Villages and Rural Temples
7.4. The Major Cities: Apamea
8. The Phoenician Coast and Its Hinterland
8.1. History and Geography
8.2. Phoenicia: The Southern Region
8.3. The Northern Coastline and Its Hinterland
8.4. The Major Cities: Byblos and Berytus
8.5. Sidon and Tyre
9. Eastern Syria Phoenice: Mountain, Oasis and Steppe
9.1. Geographical Connections
9.2. Emesa and Elagabal
9.3. Damascus and Its Region Palmyra
10. From Judaea to Syria Palaestina
10.1. History, Religion and Geography
10.2. Judaea before the First Revolt
10.3. From the First Jewish Revolt to the Second
10.4. Syria Palaestina
11. Arabia
11.1. Regions and Cultures
11.2. The Kingdom of Nabataea
11.3. The Decapolis in the First Century
11.4. The New Province of Arabia
11.5. The Nomadic Presence
12. The Euphrates and Mesopotamia
12.1. Geography, Culture and Language
12.2. Dura-Europos in the Parthian Period
12.3. The Middle Euphrates and the Coming of Rome
12.4. Roman Dura-Europos
12.5. Edessa as a Kingdom and Roman Colony until the Middle of the Third Century
12.6. Social and Religious Currents in the Fourth Century
13. Epilogue: East and West
13.1. East?
13.2. West?
Appendix A. The Inscriptions of the Tetrarchic Land-Surveyors
Appendix B. Documents from the Bar Kochba War
Appendix C. Materials for the History of Roman Edessa and Osrhoene, AD 163-337
Maps
I. The Near East: Areas Covered by Maps II-XII
II. The Roman Near East: Main Sites and Geographical Features
III. Northwestern Syria and Mount Amanus
IV. The Phoenician Coast and Western Syria Phoenice
V. The Central Syrian Steppe, Pabnyra and the Euphrates
VI. Judaea/Syria Palaestina, Western Arabia
VII. Southeastern Syria Phoenice, Northern Arabia
VIII. Petra and South-Central Arabia
IX. Arabia, with Sinai, the Red Sea and the Hedjaz
X. Eastern Syria, the Euphrates and Western Mesopotamia
XI. Central Mesopotamia and Mons Masius
XII. The Eastern Syrian Steppe and the Middle Euphrates
General Index
Index of Literary Sources
Index of Documents